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FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score)

FINDRISC (0–26) estimates 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes from age, BMI, waist, activity, diet, antihypertensives, prior high glucose and family history. <7 low (~1%), 7–11 slightly elevated (~4%), 12–14 moderate (~17%), 15–20 high (~33%), >20 very high (~50%); ≥12 (or ≥15) warrants glucose testing.

  • Age (years)
  • Sex: Male; Female
  • Body mass index
  • Waist circumference (cm or in)
  • At least 30 minutes of physical activity daily (work or leisure) (yes/no)
  • Eats vegetables, fruit or berries every day (yes/no)
  • Ever regularly taken antihypertensive medication (yes/no, +2)
  • Ever found to have high blood glucose (check-up, illness, pregnancy) (yes/no, +5)
  • Family history of diabetes: No (0); Yes: grandparent, aunt, uncle or first cousin (3); Yes: parent, sibling or child (5)
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Interpretation

ResultMeaning
< 7Low (~1%)
7–11Slightly elevated (~4%)
12–14Moderate (~17%)
15–20High (~33%)
> 20Very high (~50%)

Formula

Age <45 0 · 45–54 2 · 55–64 3 · ≥65 4. BMI <25 0 · 25–30 1 · >30 3. Waist men <94 0 · 94–102 3 · >102 4 (women <80 / 80–88 / >88). No daily 30-min activity 2. Not daily vegetables/fruit 1. Antihypertensive drugs 2. History of high glucose 5. Family history: second-degree 3, first-degree 5.

Clinical pearls

  • This is the current 8-item questionnaire (max 26); the 2003 derivation paper's concise score (max 20) lacked family history.
  • Designed as a self-assessment; Canadian guidance uses the CANRISK adaptation.

Examples

FAQ

What FINDRISC score is high?

15–20 is high (about 1 in 3 develop type 2 diabetes in 10 years) and above 20 is very high (about 1 in 2).

Who should be tested for diabetes after FINDRISC?

People scoring 12 or more are often offered fasting glucose, A1c or an oral glucose tolerance test.

Evidence

  1. Lindström J, Tuomilehto J. The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care 2003;26:725–31.
  2. Saaristo T et al. Cross-sectional evaluation of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2005;2:67–72.

Endocrine & Metabolic · Reviewed 2026-10-14 · Methodology