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Creatinine Clearance (Cockcroft-Gault)

Cockcroft-Gault estimates creatinine clearance as (140 − age) × weight ÷ (72 × serum creatinine), × 0.85 in women. It is still the reference for most renal drug-dosing labels; CrCl <30 mL/min usually triggers major dose reduction.

  • Age (years)
  • Sex: Male; Female
  • Weight (kg or lb)
  • Serum creatinine (mg/dL or µmol/L)
  • Height (cm or m or in)
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Interpretation

ResultMeaning
≥ 90Normal
60–89Mild impairment
30–59Moderate impairment
15–29Severe impairment
< 15Kidney failure

Formula

CrCl (mL/min) = (140 − age) × weight (kg) ÷ (72 × Scr mg/dL) × 0.85 if female. SI: (140 − age) × weight × 1.23 ÷ Scr (µmol/L) [× 0.85 female]. IBW = 50 kg (M) / 45.5 kg (F) + 0.9055 × (height cm − 152.4). Adjusted BW = IBW + 0.4 × (actual − IBW).

Clinical pearls

  • Not valid when creatinine is not at steady state (AKI) or with very low muscle mass (amputees, cachexia, elderly frail): it overestimates clearance.
  • Weight choice changes the answer substantially in obesity; most pharmacy protocols use adjusted body weight when actual weight exceeds ~120% of IBW.
  • The result is in mL/min (not indexed to 1.73 m²), which is what drug labels based on Cockcroft-Gault expect.

Examples

FAQ

Should I use Cockcroft-Gault or eGFR for drug dosing?

Most drug labels were derived with Cockcroft-Gault, so pharmacists generally use CrCl for dosing; eGFR (CKD-EPI) is used to stage CKD.

Which weight should I use in Cockcroft-Gault?

Actual weight if at or below ideal body weight; in obesity (actual >120% IBW) adjusted body weight (IBW + 0.4 × excess) is the most common convention.

Evidence

  1. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.

Nephrology & Electrolytes · Reviewed 2026-10-14 · Methodology